Cutting fluid action

lubrication
The lubrication effect of metal cutting fluid (referred to as cutting fluid) in the cutting process can reduce the friction between the front tool surface and chips, and between the back tool surface and the machined surface, forming a partial lubricating film, thereby reducing cutting force, friction, and power consumption, lowering the surface temperature and tool wear of the friction area between the tool and the workpiece blank, and improving the cutting performance of the workpiece material. During the grinding process, after adding grinding fluid, the grinding fluid infiltrates between the grinding wheel abrasive particles, workpiece, and abrasive particles and debris to form a lubricating film, reducing the friction between the interfaces, preventing abrasive cutting edge wear and chip adhesion, thereby reducing grinding force and friction heat, improving the durability of the grinding wheel and the surface quality of the workpiece.
cooling
The cooling effect of cutting fluid is to remove cutting heat from the tool and workpiece through its convection and vaporization with the tool (or grinding wheel), chips, and workpiece that generate heat due to cutting, effectively reducing cutting temperature, reducing thermal deformation of the workpiece and tool, maintaining tool hardness, improving machining accuracy and tool durability. The cooling performance of cutting fluid is related to its thermal conductivity, specific heat, heat of vaporization, and viscosity (or fluidity). The thermal conductivity and specific heat of water are higher than those of oil, so the cooling performance of water is better than that of oil.
clean
In the process of metal cutting, it is required that the cutting fluid has a good cleaning effect. Remove generated chips, abrasives, iron powder, oil stains, and sand particles to prevent contamination of the machine tool, workpiece, and tool, keeping the cutting edge of the tool or grinding wheel sharp and not affecting the cutting effect. For oil-based cutting oils, the lower the viscosity, the stronger the cleaning ability, especially for cutting oils containing light components such as kerosene and diesel, the better their permeability and cleaning performance. A water-based cutting fluid containing surfactants has a better cleaning effect because it can form an adsorption film on the surface, preventing particles and oil sludge from adhering to the workpiece, cutting tool, and grinding wheel. At the same time, it can penetrate into the interface where particles and oil sludge adhere, separate it from the interface, take it away with the cutting fluid, and keep the interface clean.
antirust
In the process of metal cutting, the workpiece needs to come into contact with corrosive media such as oil sludge generated by the decomposition or oxidation of environmental media and cutting fluid components, which will corrode. The surface of machine tool components in contact with cutting fluid will also corrode as a result. In addition, when temporarily stored after workpiece processing or during the flow process between processes, it is also required that the cutting fluid has a certain anti rust ability to prevent corrosive substances such as oil sludge in the environmental medium and residual cutting fluid from corroding the metal. Especially in the humid and rainy seasons in southern China, it is important to pay more attention to rust prevention measures between processes.
other
In addition to the above four functions, the cutting fluid used should have good stability and not produce precipitation or layering, oil separation, soap separation, and aging during storage and use. Has a certain resistance to bacteria and mold, is not prone to mold growth and biodegradation, leading to odor and spoilage. No damage to painted parts, no harm to human health, and no irritating odor. There is no smoke, fog or less smoke during use. Easy to recycle, low pollution, and easy to treat discharged waste liquid. After treatment, it can meet the national industrial wastewater discharge standards.